Suchergebnisse

This article compares three environmental assessment (EA) cases in Nunatsiavut, Nunavut, and the Northwest Territories (NWT) to better understand how resource decision-making processes in northern Indigenous mixed economies are gendered. Advances in Indigenous jurisprudence and Indigenous peoples' assertions of their rights to lands and territories have influenced new cooperative resource management institutions and associated environmental assessment frameworks. Though previous research has pointed to the systemic ways in which EAs undermine self-determination, there has been little attention to how gender influences EA processes and outcomes. This article contributes to emerging scholarship on gender and EAs through a thematic analysis of the environmental assessments for the Voisey's Bay Mine and Mill in Nunatsiavut (1997); the Meadowbank Mine in Nunavut (2004–2006); and the Mackenzie Gas Project (2003–2009). The cases examined reflected a spectrum in the extent to which gender is accounted for and attended to in EA processes. Notwithstanding their differences, Indigenous women's interventions in each case challenged the narrowly scoped treatment of gender in EA processes by describing their broad concerns with development. Furthermore, in each case, EA processes emphasized participation in employment rather than community well-being, and inadequately addressed women's traditional harvesting activities. We argue that in failing to account for the totality of northern livelihoods, the EA process privileges resource extraction, re-inscribes gender hierarchies, and undermines Indigenous mixed economies. We conclude by offering several criteria for the successful inclusion of gender issues in the scope of EAs and reflecting briefly on new developments in the legislative framework for EAs and Indigenous governance initiatives that may support more fulsome inclusion of gender issues.

This is the second volume to emerge from a project on Indigenous participation in the Australian economy, funded by an Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage Grant, and involving the cooperation of the School of Archaeology and Anthropology at The Australian National University and the National Museum of Australia. The Chief Investigators were Ian Keen, Chris Lloyd, Anthony Redmond, the Partner Investigator was Mike Pickering, Fiona Skyring was an associate researcher on the project, and Natasha Fijn was research assistant. The present volume arises out of a conference in Canberra on Indigenous Participation in Australian Economies at the National Museum of Australia on 9–10 November 2009, which attracted more than thirty presenters. The diverse themes included histories of economic relations, the role of camels and dingoes in Indigenous–settler relations, material culture and the economy, the economies of communities from missions and stations to fringe camps and towns, the transitions from payment-in-kind to wage economies and Community Development Employment Projects, the issue of unpaid and stolen wages, local enterprises, and conflicts over development. Sixteen of those papers have been developed as chapters in this volume, together with a foreword by Professor Jon Altman. This book comprises a companion volume to Indigenous Participation in Australian Economies: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives, published by ANU E Press in 2010.

Under contemporary conditions, programmes for the socio-economic development of Russian regions are increasingly relevant due to the necessity of a coordinating element between the Federal target programmes that operate on the territories of Federal Subjects and the target programmes of the Federal Subject itself. When creating an effective system for managing the development and implementation of regional socio-economic development programmes, it is necessary to proceed according to a unified method that is in conformity with government socio-economic development priorities. Regional economic policy essentially depends on a particular region's innovative potential, which, in turn, predetermines its further socio-economic development. In order to determine specific influence of socio-cultural factors involved in traditional approaches to the economic management of regions where the indigenous peoples are predominantly supported through innovative development, the authors conducted a cluster analysis of the regions of the Russian Federation. The study revealed the relationship between indicators of support for traditional activities and those aimed at supporting innovation activities. The amount of funding for ongoing programmes that support traditional activities affects the birth rate in the corresponding region. It is precisely among indigenous people, who are closely associated with traditional activities, that one of the main values is marriage and children. As might be expected, efforts to support this part of the region's population lead to a reduction in the divorce rate. However, along with this, a certain "inhibition" of economic and innovative development can be detected. Therefore, when designing support for these regions, it is necessary to direct additional efforts to support precisely these problem areas. The studied regions were combined into three clusters. The regions of the first cluster are characterised by the extent to which social and economic development indicators are harmonised. Regions of the second cluster (in which only organisations supporting traditional livelihoods are developed) are characterised by high birth rates and low divorce rates. Regions of the third cluster (regions in which only organisations supporting innovation are developed) are characterised by positive innovation and economic development indicator values. It is also worth noting that this corresponds to the highest value of the "number of people with higher education" indicator. Along with the positive points, this cluster is also distinguished by negatives: the largest number of divorces per 1000 people and the lowest birth rates. The cluster analysis of traditional and innovative economies allows us to formulate the directions of development of economic systems for the formation of harmonious relations between traditional structures and innovative approaches to conducting economic activity. © 2019 Academic Conferences Limited. All rights reserved.

Under contemporary conditions, programmes for the socio-economic development of Russian regions are increasingly relevant due to the necessity of a coordinating element between the Federal target programmes that operate on the territories of Federal Subjects and the target programmes of the Federal Subject itself. When creating an effective system for managing the development and implementation of regional socio-economic development programmes, it is necessary to proceed according to a unified method that is in conformity with government socio-economic development priorities. Regional economic policy essentially depends on a particular region's innovative potential, which, in turn, predetermines its further socio-economic development. In order to determine specific influence of socio- cultural factors involved in traditional approaches to the economic management of regions where the indigenous peoples are predominantly supported through innovative development, the authors conducted a cluster analysis of the regions of the Russian Federation. The study revealed the relationship between indicators of support for traditional activities and those aimed at supporting innovation activities. The amount of funding for ongoing programmes that support traditional activities affects the birth rate in the corresponding region. It is precisely among indigenous people, who are closely associated with traditional activities, that one of the main values is marriage and children. As might be expected, efforts to support this part of the region's population lead to a reduction in the divorce rate. However, along with this, a certain "inhibition" of economic and innovative development can be detected. Therefore, when designing support for these regions, it is necessary to direct additional efforts to support precisely these problem areas. The studied regions were combined into three clusters. The regions of the first cluster are characterised by the extent to which social and economic development indicators are harmonised. Regions of the second cluster (in which only organisations supporting traditional livelihoods are developed) are characterised by high birth rates and low divorce rates. Regions of the third cluster (regions in which only organisations supporting innovation are developed) are characterised by positive innovation and economic development indicator values. It is also worth noting that this corresponds to the highest value of the "number of people with higher education" indicator. Along with the positive points, this cluster is also distinguished by negatives: the largest number of divorces per 1000 people and the lowest birth rates. The cluster analysis of traditional and innovative economies allows us to formulate the directions of development of economic systems for the formation of harmonious relations between traditional structures and innovative approaches to conducting economic activity. © 2019, Economic Laboratory for Transition Research. All rights reserved.

In this article, the author attempts to clarify the actual condition of traditional industries and the main trends in their changes, giving a definition of their relation with modern industry. First, the author presents a definition of traditional industry, then shows statistically that small‐scale industry is mainly composed of traditional industries. Second, the author investigates the existing forms of small‐scale industries in terms of groups and areas, using the results of the National Sample Surveys. The detrimental factors impeding the growth and transformation of traditional industries into modern small‐scale industries are also examined. Third, the author tries to clarify the reasons why the traditional industries have strongly competitive powers vis‐à‐vis modern industry and why they have continued to exist.